Describe Ann Weiss’s first encounter with the baker

Describe Ann Weiss’s first encounter with the baker. How does the reality of that meeting contrast with her expectations?Ann Weiss first met the baker because she wanted to place an order for a cake for her son’s birthday. Ann felt that she and the baker could exchange more than just necessary information. After all, to Ann, she was talking to a baker who must have had celebrated birthday parties with his children as well, and this, she felt, was something that they shared. However, instead of the warm, friendly conversation about children and birthday parties that she expected, the baker was resolutely methodological, inquiring nothing more than just the information he needed.2. Favorite poem for the weekFor my favorite poem this week, I chose Carolyn Kizer’s â€Å"Bitch†. Kizer’s poem is a powerful statement about women’s place in relationship, and how she views herself.Kizer grew up us the daughter of socially prominent personalities, and described her father as an authoritarian. Kizer spent two years as a State specialist in Pakistan and taught at a women’s university there. Kizer is known for her â€Å"feminist and socially-conscious wit†, writing on varied topics including women, politics, nature and science.Learning these, it becomes clearer where Kizer is coming from as she writes. Having a strong father and staying in a conflict-driven, patriarchal society like Pakistan did not stop Kizer from developing her own skills and prowess, later on to prove that women are also beings of power.Question for Class Discussion:  Ã‚   How does the image of the bitch help the poem?Links to Carolyn Kizer:http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/LITLINKS/poetry/kizer.htmhttp://www.pw.org/mag/pc_paris2.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolyn_Kizer

The Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship DB

My view of entrepreneurship is that you don’t need to have exceptional skills to be successful when you decide to start a business. All one needs to have is the desire to work in order to achieve his goals. According to my understanding of the word entrepreneur, it is a French word which means to undertake, so in business it is to start a business. To say that you must have superior qualities that a few have in order to be an entrepreneur is not only far fetched but also erroneous, I simply don’t agree with that kind of thought. Strategic planning is a direction or strategy that a business is going to follow in certain period of time. It is so important to a small business in because it keeps it on the edge of competition with big companies. A business with no strategy has no direction. Strategy outlines the direction of the business. Without a strategy it is difficult to achieve goals in a business and small businesses therefore ought to formulate viable strategies that can cope with competition and at the same time make the business focused in scope. To me strategic planning is a process that does not only requires good management skills but also it requires the will and commitment by all persons involved in order to attain the set goals. (McDonald, 2001) There are several factors that an entrepreneur should consider before choosing any form of ownership. There are: The risks involved which are normally high in entrepreneurship, purpose of the business, its goals, strategies for achieving each goal, a plan to implement each goal and the way of monitoring the implementation plan. Other   factors includes the influence one have in the running of the   business and one must also know the responsibility for debts, the amount of   tax payable to the government and the county or the local government, one must also know the   government policies of that particular business. A person must also consider the amount of profit to expect and the time he or she spends on that business. I disagree with educators who thinks that student in colleges should not engage in business, this is simply because the students engage in this for they have been taught its fundamentals and they cannot wait to put them in practice. Once students get the desired knowledge they become innovative and hence they cannot wait to test their skills as entrepreneurs. Research indicates that entrepreneurship should include innovations such as; new products, new production methods, new markets and new types of business among other innovations. In my own perspective wealth is created when such innovations are utilized since it results in new demand of commodities. The purpose of an entrepreneur is to build a lucrative, moral, and a sustainable business organization. I am of the opinion that one must adhere to factors such as: 1. Profitable business practices that satisfies and attract new customers, pay employees fairly and rewards innovation and diligence.2.Ethical business practices that include the protection the privacy of the clients and employee financial and personal information, to respect ethnic, political and religious backgrounds of the customers.3.Sustainable business practices that can withstand the dynamics of the world, these involves establishing markets not exploiting them, doing away with abusive working conditions and keeping   basic labor rights, replacing non-renewable energy sources with renewable energy sources, encouraging developing countries to improve labor and environmental standards amongst suppliers. (Cullen and Boteeah, 2005) Reference Cullen, J. and Boteeah, K. (2005) Multinational Management: A strategic Approach: 3rd Edition: Thomson South-Western; Mason McDonald, M. (2001): Marketing Plans: How to Prepare Them, How to Use Them. 4th Edition: London, Butterworth Heinenamm         

The Importance of Market Segmentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Importance of Market Segmentation - Essay Example It’s a financial situation where if your advertising is all over the place, without proper focus, you will spend much more money in areas you where you don’t need to. It affects the return in investment (ROI) negatively. The reason why anyone is in business is to make money and reduce losses on all levels (Boone, Kurtz 1999, p. 229). There are two types of products in marketing: consumer products that the general public buy, and business products which are created for the needs of other businesses. A good example would be a company that buys rubber to create tires. Tires can be purchased for the family car (consumer) or tires can be purchased by a car manufacturing plant to put on their automobiles (business). The marketing will be different for both groups with the first group getting literature that says what a great ride one will experience while driving with these tires. That is business to consumer marketing. The other group produces literature which outlines all t he technical details such as available tire sizes, rubber density, tread patterns, testing results and other statistical information that most consumers could care less about. This type of literature is business to business marketing ((Boone, Kurtz 1999, p. 229). ... Four common bases in segmentation are geographic, demographic, psychographic and product-related groupings. The next step is the strategic issue of which segment should be selected, and the following conditions should be met: One where the maximum differential in competitive strategy can be developed; Capable of being isolated out so competitive advantage is preserved; Must be valid even though imitated (Jain, 1997, p. 117). Geographic Segmentation Geographic segmentation deals with location of population most interested and likely to purchase a certain product or service because of where they live. Much of this can be determined through census and job growth data over several year or decades to view qualified patterns that match the criteria for the marketing direction of a product or service (Boone, Kurtz 1999, p. 232). The United States government currently classifies urban data using three specific categories: the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) which is a freestanding centra l urban area of 50,000 or more in population, with 100,000 in total MSA; the Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) which incorporates the largest cities in the U.S. and must include two or more MSA; and the Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area (PMSA) which covers urban counties with social and economic ties to CMSAs. Other factors in geographical segmentation are climate, local food habits, and also determining where competitors are located and how they will affect the market plan. The Geographic Information System (GIS) as one can find on Google Maps, is one example of finding where your competitors are (Boone, Kurtz 1999, p. 234). Demographic Segmentation The study of demographics relates to age, sex, income, education, occupation, household size, all of which

Starbucks company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Starbucks company - Research Paper Example The action for survival remained one of most important inside issues at Starbucks. Two years back, the company declared to close down overall three hundred stores and cutting more than six thousand jobs. Moreover, the pay cut and declined bonus of the higher executives were other marks of the crisis. Â ­At the same time they got reputation for development of new products and creativity. The availability of the branded coffee in several grocery chains is a remarkable creative effort. In collaboration with Kraft Foods the products were distributed in grocery markets. Starbuck has ended the long term contract, and announced the partnership with Green Mountain in order to improve their business. Moreover, the Starbucks are exposed to rises. The rising cost of coffee and dairy products are another challenge. However, the executives of the company failed to see certain facts. The products and services offered were not fit for the characteristics of market. The customer dissatisfaction iss ue is yet another problem. If retail is all about customer relationship, retail of Starbucks simply not attractive in present market. The current marketing strategies do not necessarily meet its objectives. That reflects the inside state of affairs.

Multinational Corporation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Multinational Corporation - Assignment Example This refers to an assumption that the structure of a market would influence the conduct/ behavior of a firm. The manner in which an organization conducts itself in a given market will thereafter affect its performance. For example; in market where there is less competition, organizations have few obstacles. This gives them an opportunity to have various options in which they can behave in a market, and an example is increasing the prices of their products. Entry through green field methodology promotes competition between the companies in the market. This increases the quality of the products offered, and lowers their price. This is because a new company enters into the market, and it comes with its own strategies of penetrating the target market (United Nations Conferance on Trade and Development, 147). Entry into a host market through mergers has an effect of limiting completion, and this leads to an increase to the prices of goods the organization offers. This is because a multinational company collaborates with an existing company that offers similar products. This collaboration reduces competition since the organizations are not in conflicting of taking each other’s customers, but on retaining these customers. The control of the market by the host country can take the form of price controls, or requirements that before an entry to a given market, the company under consideration must incorporate local people as part of its ownership or senior management. A multinational cooperation can enter into a host market either through mergers, or green field entry. Green field entry has an effect of increasing competition. This is because there is an increase of the number of firms operating in a given market. Mergers on the other hand limit competition, because of the reduction of the number of firms operating in a given market. The entry of Mars into the UK ice cream market leads to decline of producers and sellers of ice

SOC 318 question set 2 Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

SOC 318 question set 2 - Research Proposal Example The decline in unionization means the continued expansion of the part-time, temporary, and contingent workforce, less job security, more economic insecurity, and a growing underclass of working poor. The vast majority of people living in poverty in the United States are not the unemployed, but the working poor. More than forty million Americans have no access to health care. Studies show that in industries with a high level of unionization, the wages, benefits, and working conditions of all workers in the same industry improve, whether or not they are unionized. Nonunion employers will frequently match union wages and benefits to maintain a competitive workforce. Conversely, in industries with low levels of unionization, there is much less regulation, and workers have few protections at the workplace. (http://www.jil.go.jp/event/ko_forum/kouenroku/documents/resume.pdf) Choose a leader of the labor movement. Conduct your own Internet research. You may want to search Ceasar Chavez, Jimmy Hoffa, Kate Mullany, Samuel Gompers, Crystal Lee Sutton (Norma Rae) or someone else. Introduce us to the person you have selected and the grievances they had with the workplace. What lessons can be learned from this leader Let's suppose the Department of L... identify three most important challenges facing the extractive industries today, 2. identify the single most underlying cause of these problems, and 3. offer one viable suggestion. Present your report to the class and decide which policy suggestion from the class is most realistic. Three most important challenges facing the extractive industries today are lack of effective communication, low trust for management, and ineffective technical infrastructure.A scenario in which management and employees talk and listen to one another and resolve problems together will increase employees' trust in management. If employees are to believe what the management says, there has to be continuous clear and open verbal and written communication, and this will be done according to a specific strategic plan of action. By not asking, not listening, not talking, not taking action and not opening numerous channels of communication, companies will feed the adversarial relationships that lead to unionization and to slowdowns, walkouts and strikes in companies where unions already are in place. (Harrow, 2004) 4. Hazardous work Based on information from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, how do jobs in the extractive industries rate What three conclusions can you draw regarding the dangers in these workplaces Challenge or confirm the conclusions of your classmates. According to the Workforce Challenges and Opportunities for the 21st Century Forum, which was hosted in April 2004 by the GAO, the 21st century workforce in the United States is expected to have a very different set of challenges and opportunities than those encountered by previous generations. These observations certainly apply to the extractive

Screening journals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Screening journals - Essay Example The song itself has an overall feel of R&B mixed with hip-hop or electronic dance due to the low vocal ranges of the song, the use of a hook and repetitive melody and lyrics, which are not usually heard from songs by Beyoncà ©. However, despite the R&B shell of the song, it delivers a strong, feminist message based on the cultural background of people of color, namely Beyoncà © and featured artist Chimamanda Ngozi Adicihe and their cultural backgrounds as female African-Americans in modern US society. Such ideas are exemplified by the melodic lyrics â€Å"I took some time to live my life/ But don’t think I’m just his little wife† sung by Beyoncà © and a section of the spoken lines by Adicihe: â€Å"But why do we teach girls to aspire to marriage/ And we don’t teach boys the same?†(Knowles, 2013). Based on the context, the lyrics contain the message that female African-Americans are only taught of such things and not allowed to have and live their own aspirations, ideas that are strongly-questioned in the song and are subjects of criticism as well. The video may seem confusing for some due to the combination of new and old elements, with the beginning and endings showing an old talent show clip and the song itself showing a dance club where Beyoncà © dances along with other people, as well as the inclusion of lyrics within the music video itself. However, despite seemingly-contradictory elements of the song, the opening and ending parts of the video are able to convey the message of needs for equality and feminism clearly, as it was seen in the last part that the male Caucasian-American group won by a star over the African-American female group, suggesting the societal bias against races considered to be the minority. These components can be observed and understood fully by viewers if they viewed the video from start to finish, and as such all elements (lyrics, vocal, visuals) are needed to convey

Breaucratic Mnagement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Breaucratic Mnagement - Essay Example The features that promote and perpetuate a bureaucracy may be helpful or wasteful and inefficient. This paper will examine the key traits that make up our modern bureaucracy. It will trace the roots of it origin and evaluate its purpose today. It will answer the question of whether we have moved beyond the bureaucracy and into a new management tradition. It will provide some insight into the value of the changes called for by modern management schools of thought. Max Weber is often referred to as the father of bureaucracy and it was he that brought bureaucratic management to the arena of a studied discipline. The characteristics that define a bureaucracy are found common to all bureaucracies and also large scale profit management. Size necessitates bureaucratic policies as an effective method of quality control at the expense of other traits. Weber, and later Ludwig Von Misis, contributed to the essential elements that were required to manage a bureaucracy. They pointed out the effectiveness of a well-run bureaucracy for institutions such as the military, hospitals, schools, and the public service sector. While we can define an organisation as having the key elements that are required of all bureaucracies, it is also important to study the effect that bureaucratic management may have in perpetuating unintended negative consequences. The roots of modern bureaucracy are found in the beginnings of capitalism. . Puritanism put forth the belief that to further the production of modern man, there necessitated the development of an "increasingly bureaucratic order from which the ‘spontaneous enjoyment of life’ is ruthlessly expunged" (Weber 2001 p.18). Adam Smith was able to define this more exactly and relate its value to business. Smith advocated the belief that by reducing a workers sole employment down to one simple task, it would increase the

How is International Law Enforced Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

How is International Law Enforced - Thesis Example Laws are only as good as their ability to be enforced and in a decentralized world that is torn apart by self-seeking interests and motives, enforcement of international laws seems a very tall order. This is evinced by the way the organs of the United Nations have behaved in the past, particularly the Security Council, which had difficulty arriving at consensus in resolving problems simply because the chamber has, most of the time, become an extended arena of power struggle. Moreover, not only is the entire international judicial and legal system underpinned by the voluntary participation and submission of parties to the jurisdiction of these courts, but such courts seem impervious to private individuals and entities. The bottom line is that any difficulty in enforcing international law is caused by the lack of necessary support mechanism that is underpinned by the monopoly of legitimate force by a singular, supreme authority that exercises compulsory jurisdiction. Nonetheless, there is little chance that a more revolutionary system of enforcement could substitute the present along the lines of enforcement systems found in municipal laws considering that the nature of association of states is based on voluntariness and respect for one another’s sovereignty. One has only to look back on what the Versailles Treaty has brought to the world as a consequence. The enforcement of international law therefore, would have to continue relying largely on diplomacy, negotiation, state cooperation and third party proxy enforcement, among others; unless there is compelling need to do otherwise. II. Fundamentals of International Law International law is commonly defined as a body of rules governing the relations of states. It is a legal system separate and opposed to the concepts of municipal law, domestic law, national law or internal law allied to an association of human society coming from various jurisdictions. One of the important and distinct features of internati onal law is the breadth of its jurisdiction transcends political boundaries. Thus, international laws govern the conduct of the citizens of more than one country or the conduct of various states with one another on different areas such as economic, political or social (Fichtelberg 43; Ross 12). International law has various sources, but treaties and conventions form the primary foundation of its realm. A treaty or convention is a voluntary agreement between or among several countries, which contain the terms and provisions of how such countries are to conduct themselves with respect to the subject of the agreement. Examples are the Treaty of Versailles, the Treaty of Paris and the European Convention Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (or ECHR). According to Article 38(1) of the International Court of Justice, aside from international conventions, the following also serve to guide its determination of applicable international law: international custom; the general principles of l aw recognized and practiced by civilized states, and; as subsidiary sources - judicial decisions, teachings of prominent international scholars (cited Malanczuk and Akehurst 36-37; Malone 5-6). The function

Personal statement Essay Example for Free

Personal statement Essay My names David, and just like my entire society of Jews, I have been neglected from the German nation. I have found no reasoning, no explanation, for why we been blamed for our countries extreme downfall. For the last two years our family has been in hiding and three months ago we were located and persecuted by the Nazis. The neighbors gather information and noticed we were Jewish, they quickly called the police. Weve received letters from our relatives stating their safe in a labor camp but I know they are probably not even alive anymore. Ive kept updated with the militaries action and they invaded Poland 39 as well. I feel an entire war begging and the help for our race is no where near. This Genocide is no where near over. We were stuffed into train crafts, over crowed without any space to sit. We had a bucket as a toilet for about 35 people. I felt the presence of evil from the begging, and even though I know were heading to Auschwitz I dont have any predictions for my future. As soon as we stepped off the train we were separated into two groups. To me the groups were workers and the other were the useless. I havent seen my mother or baby sister nor my grandmother. Me and my father escaped and are once again in hiding. We tried locating our family but we cant find anyone from the other group, but have seen bodies being disposed and the crematoria. I havent slept but Ive cried, consistently. As well as my father were torn down we understand what is going and are hopeless. I know the year, 1943. But not the day nor month. Help? I don’t expect it, not after 4 years not anytime soon especially not America who didn’t even allow the St. Louis ship to stop in the beginning. The only reason I believe this is because they have no idea what is going on. If they did they would evidently stop this epidemic and come rescue us. Me and my father have been living hopeless and have not expected anything to change but were safely hiding. Today we saw American soldiers invaded the labor camp and I have no idea what my future holds. Hopefully we can relocate to Israel which is under British control or united states. I just want for everything to go back to normal but the will never happen, especially since my family has been destroyed. The Allies soldiers are helping as much as possible and feel more sorrow then any other person, They will never fully understand what we went through. The world has come to a complete change, they understand that the isolation only brought destruction to entire world and the only way to keep peace is too come to a united world. I don’t feel the same, never will. My mentality has developed, I avoid eye contact with everyone, I hate speaking of the experiences but I most in order to let society know what has really happened.

The Advertisements Of Business And Politics In An Semiotic Analysis Advertising Essay

The Advertisements Of Business And Politics In An Semiotic Analysis Advertising Essay Every day when we wake up in the morning, we hear or see an advertisement almost anywhere and anytime; at home, on way to school or work and even we can find an advertisement when we are standing in bathroom queue in cinema. Advertisements come in different forms and shapes but all of them have the same purpose and that is to convince their audience to buy a product or to use a service that the company has to offer. Nevertheless, the key to a successful advertisement lies within the Semiotics which in simpler words means the study of signs (Chandler 2008: 2). The goal of this paper is to provide a semiotic analysis of advertisements in the fields of business and politics. In the business section, logos of famous companies such as Adidas and Dior will be discussed. Then, in the political section, we will take a look at the recent presidential election in Iran and parliament election in Sweden. Beasley and Danesi defined advertisement as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ any type or form of public announcement intended to direct peoples attention to the availability, qualities, and/or cost of specific commodities or services. (Beasley Danesi 2002: 1). The most common types of advertising come in forms of print (newspaper, magazines, brochures, fliers), outdoor (billboard, kiosks) and broadcast (TV, radio) which you see them every day and to some extent they have become a part of our daily life. Advertisers use different kinds of codes to draw attention of audience to their products, but mainly they focus on social codes more than the other ones. Another important factor in advertising is to present things according to the gender and age of their target group, because a 5 year old child will not respond to an advertisement the same as a 30 year old man. Maybe now you can see that why people call it Advertising Industry, because it takes more than one man or woman to do the whole job. A grou p of experts in different fields come together and essence of their ideas will become an advertisement which either will succeed or fail. Examples All the big companies try to pick logos and mottos which represent their companys field of work and at the same time they (advertisers) try to make it simple and understandable for almost everyone. There are always different signifiers in logos and other types of advertising. For instance, the German company of Adidas Group which is famous for its sports and clothing goods has a simple, but at the same time meaningful logo and motto. It is also worth to mention that Adidas was picked after Adolf Dassler nickname (Adi Dassler). The companys logo can be discussed in three different aspects; shape, color and font. First, the Three-Stripe brand mark became the Adidas worldwide logo in 1996. Before that the logo looked like a Trefoil which its three leaves symbolized the Olympic spirit. However, one can still find a resemblance between old and new logos. The Three-Stripe logo is also associated with a mountain-like figure especially for those who are living in Alps areas. The spaces between the lines could be assumed as the steps that one should take to reach the top and achieve greatness. Nowadays, the trefoil logo is associated with Adidas classic designs, so we can see that time has changed the association between the logo and its meaning among people. Second, the color black has good and bad connotations but among athletes and especially young ones. Black color suggests the idea of being serious, elegant and sophisticated and it is an inspirational motif for them. Finally, the font in the logo is designed by ITC Avant Garde which is both a pioneer and a well-known company in its own field. The Adidas font like the rest of other fonts designed by company is simple and also formal which gives a special simplicity to the logo. The Adidas Company like its logo has always tried to design simple but catchy goods and we must say that they were successful. It has always been said: the simpler, the better. Another interesting aspect of advertising by the Adidas Company is their motto impossible is nothing. Stanley Fish believed that it is impossible to mean the same thing in two (or more) different ways (Chandler 2008: 123), this quote gives us the reason why Adidas did not chose a different word order for their motto. Instead of impossible is nothing they could have said everything is possible or nothing is impossible, but would it have the same effect? The answer is simply NO. Using double negative in the motto intensifies the meaning; you can do whatever you want if you have the right equipment, which is Adidas. In addition, according to markedness theory, one can say that impossible is nothing is more marked than the other forms, but we should keep in mind that they are different phrases according to their word order and will not have the same meaning or effect. Next advertisement that is going to be analyzed is Jadore perfume from the Dior Company. In this advertisement film, which Charlize Theron stars in it, variety of signifiers and codes have been used to illustrate prestige and excellence of the Diors products. The clip starts by Charlize Theron walking from a room to another one, which from the settings you can guess it is happening in a castle or a very luxurious house. She is wearing a beautiful night gown which goes well with her setting and we would say that she belongs to upper social class. Then, she starts taking hear jewelries off and after that she takes her night gown off. And, while she is taking her jewelries and clothes off there is light music in the background and she says: Gold is cold, diamonds are dead, limousine isnt a car, dont pretend, feel whats real, Jadore, Dior And, the clip ends by a back naked shot of Charlize Theron in a way that looks like the bottle of the perfume. The advertiser has used power of images and words together and made a powerful combination in which lack of any of them would have changed the message that wanted to be conveyed. There are lots of connotations in what Charlize Theron says during the advertisement clip. The denotation meaning of Gold is: a yellow malleable ductile metallic element that occurs chiefly free or in a few minerals and is used especially in coins, jewelry, and dentures (Merriam-Webster Dictionary), but connotation meaning is something valued and fine in its own kind. And, the same thing is true for connotation meaning f diamond; something which is exotic and scarce or Limousine, something which is luxurious and fancy. Advertiser is using both connotation and denotation meanings to say that if you wear Jadore perfume then you are valuable, exotic and luxurious. Also, the advertisement wants to say, maybe you do not have gold, diamonds or limousine car but they things which are not real and they are just for showing off but if you want to stand out and be unique use Jadore. No doubt, Charlize Therons appearance in this advertisement plays an important role. First of all, she is a famous actress who is known for her beauty and she is said to be an icon in her career, therefore, one would quickly assume that this advertisement has something to do with women. This assumption happens because of mass media codes; it is not common that a woman advertises men products especially when the advertisement is about colognes or perfumes. Additionally, Therone is living in the USA but she is originally from South Africa which is a symbol of an exotic land and precious stones such as diamonds. Also, Charilze Theron age might be related to the idea that this kind of perfume suits women not girls, experts in perfume industry also suggest that ideal age for this perfume is between 30 and 45 years old. Lastly, the bottle of perfume represents all the aspects that were mentioned above. The bottle looks like a woman and also you can find the gold and white colors which are related to what Throne says during the advertisement. After discussing about advertising in the business field now it is time to focus on all time controversial subject of politics, and the strategies politicians and their campaign teams use in their advertisements to gain more vote in order find their way to a position in their government system. Advertising plays an important role for political candidates, especially presidential candidates, because advertisement come in different forms and people can have access to them easily anywhere and anytime. The more candidates give information about them and present transparent and precise programs for future the voters are willing more to vote for them. The candidates are aware of this fact and they use a very powerful tool called advertisement to reach their goal. In Irans recent so called fraud-free presidential election a new school of thought was born which is called Green Movement. The leader of this movement, Mir-Hossein Mosavi, chose the green color as a symbol for his campaign which mostly won the attention of the younger generation in Iran. Choosing the green color shows the intelligence and intention of those people who were in charge of Mosavis advertising campaigns, they had a bigger thought in their mind rather than just simply choosing a color for the party; in Iran the green color is a symbol of different things such as a new life, being religious and holy and being fresh, so it gives the idea that they must be different from the other ones. Also, the Green Movement was able to unify its supporters successfully by this simple act. However, when election result was revealed and Ahmadinejad was announced as the president for second time green color found a new meaning among Iranians. The green color now has become of a symbol of freedom and resistance among Iranians and they try to send this message to other parts of the world to show that they are not like Ahmadinejad and his supporters who have been running the country for a long time. Nowadays, their supporters by only spraying a big green V on the walls of the city show that they are still out there even though the government has been suppressing them in violent ways. Green color now has new meanings among Iranian people one of which might be a civil disobedience. So, clearly we can see that first there was an intention behind all these matters and now they way Iranians interpret the green color is different from the way it meant to Iranians before presidential election. The final advertisement that I want to talk about is the ad which was made by Sverigedemokraterna (far right party) in Sweden during their recent parliament election which was controversial in its own kind. Sverigedemokraterna is known as a fascist party and they are strongly against immigration. They presented their views clearly in their ads using lots of codes and symbols which can be found all over the clip. In this particular ad, it has been shown that a man and a woman are sitting behind their desk while counting the money using the machine. On one side of the table where there is more money it is written immigration officer and on the other side which there is no money it is written pensions officer. Then, the alarm goes off and two red handles are hung from the ceiling, on one of them it is written immigration and the other one pensions. After that there is an old lady who is using a walker in doing her best to get to the handle, while a group of women wearing black veil and borqa are running faster than her to get to the other handle. The first thing that draws attention to itself in this ad is the dark setting that is symbol of bad situation in Sweden. And, the red handles along with the siren sound means that there is emergency situation and something had to be done immediately. Women who are wearing veil and borqa symbolize all the immigrants in Sweden, particularly Muslims. The old lady in the clip symbolizes the hard working Swedes who have paid their taxes and when they want to get their pension now they fall behind because of the immigrants. In this ad the advertiser focused more on social codes (bodily codes and commodity codes) which exist in Sweden. Nevertheless, the discrimination factor is very vivid the distance between the handles and the space between the old Swedish woman and the women who are dressed in black. The general message of this ad is to say, stop immigration or it will be at the expense of the real Swedes. Conclusion To sum up, we are living in a world full of signs and codes. People use them for different purposes, whether they are good or bad. By using your mind, you can find all signs and decipher all codes and make a right decision.

HealthCare Bottleneck Relief Essay -- essays research papers

Many health-care industry bottlenecks can be eliminated, resulting in major improvements in efficiency, cost savings and patient care when hospitals borrow principles from production lines on the factory floor, according to researchers in the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences at the University at Buffalo. At UB's Center of Excellence for Global Enterprise Management, Li Lin, Ph.D., professor of industrial engineering, and his colleagues apply industrial-engineering tools, including Six Sigma and other lean enterprise methodologies originally developed for manufacturing processes, to improve the operations and competitiveness of hospitals. "In today's competitive environment, especially with the severe shortage of skilled nurses, the pressure on streamlining hospital operations continues to increase," said Lin. "Health-care managers are seeking new perspectives and creative ways to manage their business. We can engineer medical services with improved cost, quality and efficiency." Lin and his colleagues use animated computer simulations that are based on statistical analyses -- routinely used to model the flow of parts through complex manufacturing processes -- to uncover the bottlenecks or potential problem areas in health-care facilities. "What do cars on highways, manufactured parts in a factory and patients in a hospital have in common?" he asks. "They all move. We use computer simulations to analyze how patients flow through hospitals, while ensuring that th...

The Scaffold and Forest in Nathaniel Hawthornes Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Scaffold and Forest in The Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne's work, The Scarlet Letter, focuses on the small Puritan community of Boston during the seventeenth century. In the center of the town is a " . . .weather darkened scaffold. . . (234)" where sinners are made to face the condemning public. The accused experience strange phenomena while on the scaffold - some become braver, some meeker. And whether the public is looking at them or not, they become their true selves on the scaffold. In essence, everything that is real and true occurs on the scaffold, and everything that is illusion or hypocrisy occurs everywhere else. The forest is also a setting where characters find the truth about themselves. Most settlers to the forest are people who are outsiders from society. They are untainted by the views of the townspeople and can see beyond the lies and hypocrisy of the townspeople. The experiences of the people on the scaffold and in the forest lend themselves to a higher issue, reality vs. perception. In the Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne shows how people create their own reality with what they see. The Scaffold is not only a high view point the in market place but a site where one can see beyond the restraints of town and even time. For one person, " . . . the scaffold of the pillory was the point of view that revealed to Hester Prynne the entire track which she had been treading since her happy infancy (p65)". The experience of the scaffold has a profound effect on Hester. Living on the border between the town and the forest, she learns new freedom while seeing the conformist repression of the town. Hester sees what the townspeople ignore. She soon believes that because of her punishment on the scaffold and her perpetual reminder of it, the scarlet letter, she sees the sins of the entire townspeople and the hypocrisy of keeping them secret. Thus, her time on the scaffold has made her see the truth of the town and its lies. Reverend Dimmesdale has a similar experience on the scaffold. Troubled by his sins and his failure to confess them, the reverend ascends the pillory in the dead of night to "confess" his sins to the world. Even though on one sees him, Dimmesdale feels " . The Scaffold and Forest in Nathaniel Hawthorne's Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays The Scaffold and Forest in The Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne's work, The Scarlet Letter, focuses on the small Puritan community of Boston during the seventeenth century. In the center of the town is a " . . .weather darkened scaffold. . . (234)" where sinners are made to face the condemning public. The accused experience strange phenomena while on the scaffold - some become braver, some meeker. And whether the public is looking at them or not, they become their true selves on the scaffold. In essence, everything that is real and true occurs on the scaffold, and everything that is illusion or hypocrisy occurs everywhere else. The forest is also a setting where characters find the truth about themselves. Most settlers to the forest are people who are outsiders from society. They are untainted by the views of the townspeople and can see beyond the lies and hypocrisy of the townspeople. The experiences of the people on the scaffold and in the forest lend themselves to a higher issue, reality vs. perception. In the Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne shows how people create their own reality with what they see. The Scaffold is not only a high view point the in market place but a site where one can see beyond the restraints of town and even time. For one person, " . . . the scaffold of the pillory was the point of view that revealed to Hester Prynne the entire track which she had been treading since her happy infancy (p65)". The experience of the scaffold has a profound effect on Hester. Living on the border between the town and the forest, she learns new freedom while seeing the conformist repression of the town. Hester sees what the townspeople ignore. She soon believes that because of her punishment on the scaffold and her perpetual reminder of it, the scarlet letter, she sees the sins of the entire townspeople and the hypocrisy of keeping them secret. Thus, her time on the scaffold has made her see the truth of the town and its lies. Reverend Dimmesdale has a similar experience on the scaffold. Troubled by his sins and his failure to confess them, the reverend ascends the pillory in the dead of night to "confess" his sins to the world. Even though on one sees him, Dimmesdale feels " .

Biooo

Joaquin B. Agony, Glacial S. Beanie (14 August 2014) (21 August 2014) l. Introduction Microscopes and the field of Science are two inseparable things. Almost all Sciences are associated with the use of a microscope, a device use to view objects which are not visible to the naked eye. The term microscope came from the Greek term â€Å"Micros† which means â€Å"small† and â€Å"Spoken† which means â€Å"to examine† (Vocabulary. Com, 2014).Today, microscopes are of great importance especially on the field of Biological Science. One of its major use is to determine the sizes of microorganisms which are of great importance in understanding certain biological phenomena. Getting the actual size of microscopic objects such as microorganisms using calibrated eyepiece micrometer is termed micrometer (Echoic, et. Al. , 2000). It is important for investigators across a number of disciplines. A biologist, for example, needs to know the exact size of two organisms to pr ovide an intelligent comparison (I. E.Almoner). The intent of this activity is to create an awareness in proper handling techniques ND correct use of a microscope to students pursuing courses in the field of Biological Sciences. This activity is also intended to teach students microscope calibration techniques. II. Materials and Methods To able to obtain the exact measurement of a specimen, the ocular micrometer should be calibrated first. By doing so, the calibration constant (C) is obtained. To get the calibration constant, a stage micrometer, an ocular micrometer and a microscope is used.The ocular micrometer was placed inside the ocular lens of the microscope and the stage micrometer on the stage. The field was adjusted so that a line in the ocular micrometer is superimposing a line in the stage micrometer. Once this was set, the number of divisions in both micrometers from the first superimposing lines to the next line that superimposed was counted. The number of divisions in t he stage micrometer was divided by the divisions in the ocular micrometer. The quotient was multiplied by pm.The product obtained was the calibration constant. The calibration constant was determined in each of the objective lenses of the microscope. Once the ocular micrometer was calibrated, the pessimism were viewed and measured. The correct measurement was obtained by counting the ocular micrometer divisions occupied by the specimen and multiplying it by the calibration constant of the objective lens used. The deviation between the measurement should only appear on the decimal places of the figure. Ill. Results and Discussion Table 1. Calibration Constant Under Different Microscope Objective Lenses Table 1. 0 shows the summary for the computed calibration constant under the high power objective (HOP) and the the low power objective (LOOP). Under the HOP, the umber of divisions in the ocular micrometer between the two superimposing lines is four while on the stage micrometer it is five. Dividing five by four, the value 1. 25 is obtained. This is not yet the calibration constant. The value 1. 25 should be multiplied by pm to get the C.

Driving Curfews Violating Teens Rights Essay

A seventeen year old friend of mine headed home from work at 11:00 at night on a Thursday in the month of July. Wanting to raise enough money to go on a band trip to Florida, she needed to work long hours, needing money to pay for her car insurance, she needed to work long hours and wanting to get in as many hours possible in one day, she needed to work long hours. Making money meant so much to her that she would go into work at the drop of a hat. Feeling tired and wanting to get home, she gets in her car, fastens her seat belt and starts her ten minute drive home. It was a dark night with clear sky’s and stars could be seen everywhere. The rode lit by the moon shining bright, when all of a sudden the moon light was not the only light shining in her window. Flashing lights from a police car pulling her over, blinded her as she looked in her rear view mirror. Rolling down her window, a police officer approached her and said in a stern voice, â€Å"Drivers license and proof of insurance. † She had a please-don’t-give-me-a-ticket look on her face as tears filled her eyes and asked, â€Å"What did I do wrong? After looking at the age on her license he responded, â€Å" You are driving past curfew so a ticket needs to be issued. † Trying to tell him about coming home from a hard day at work did not seem to matter, he issued her the ticket anyways. Her fear comparable to fear felt by drivers being pulled on the television show, Cops. After the coast was clear, feeling down in the dumps, she headed home. There is a nighttime driving restriction for drivers ages 16 and 17 years old where they need to be off the road by 10:00 p. m. Sunday through Thursday and by 11:00 p. m.  Friday and Saturday. Eventhough this may seem true, I feel curfews should be determined by parents, not by public laws. A parent should know better then the government if their child is responsible enough to drive past curfew and they should not have to be concerned about their child getting caught driving home late. Curfews have been a huge issue for teens who have to stay out late for school related activities or events. For instance, kids feel like they are penalized when they come home from a school activity past curfew even when they do not have any other choice. Feeling forced to drive later then usual, hoping they do not get pulled over, they head for home after their activity has ended. If a student does get pulled over for driving home after curfew, it is a long shot, but they will have to pray the officer believes their story about coming home from a school sport or activity and let them go free. Curfews should be given to students by their parents, not by the law. If a child acts irresponsible then their parent should have the right to keep them home from the school activity and keep them off the street at night. On the other hand, if a responsible child is out one hour past curfew, not doing anything wrong, it does not mean it should result in getting a ticket. Their parent gave them permission to join the activity in the first place so dropping out of the school related event is not an option. A student should never think of quitting a sport because of a curfew law. It is true, that curfew laws have come about to decrease the amount of crimes, however, this has not been proven true. For example, a survey in the July 1997 York Daily Record found that nearly three quarters of the two hundred largest cities in the United States have implemented curfew laws to lower juvenile crime rates. Statistics showed no support for their claim. Furthermore, teens will participate in illegal activities even if they have a curfew. They will either do it earlier or stay out past curfew and risk getting caught. Besides, most crimes are committed by adults and are more serious and dangerous since they have more resources than children do. The government should trust that parents can make the right decision on what time their child should be home. They need to focus their attention on more important issues like preventing crime from happening in the first place, instead of spending their time on trying to get kids home earlier. Parents of teenagers feel that there is a benefit to having curfews especially for the safety of their children. They expect their child home by curfew. If their child does not arrive home on time, they will know something is wrong and they can seek help faster if their child should need it. Parents feel that having a curfew is a really good excuse to leave an uncomfortable situation, if their child feels they need an excuse to get out of something wrong. Having a curfew also encourages responsibility. It teaches a teen to have respect for rules and laws they may not like or understand. At the same time, parents should remember that they know their teenager best, and they need to set rules according to their own teen. If a responsible teenager has a good record, they should be given more freedom. A mature teen should have the same rights as parents do. Parents do not have to follow a curfew law because they are older and assumed more responsible. Similarly, a mature and responsible teen should have the same rights. In a nutshell, it makes more sense to have curfews determined by parents not by public laws. If a responsible child has earned their parents trust, they should have more freedom. Without this freedom, issues will occur when they need to stay out late for school related activities, events or for a job. Furthermore, curfew laws have shown to do very little to prevent crimes throughout the city. The number of crimes has remained the same since curfew laws went into effect. Without a curfew, teens would get the chance to feel grown up and take responsibility for their own actions. They could drive home safely from school activities or a job with out risking getting a ticket. Since curfews are not helping to decrease the amount of crimes, there is no point of having one. Officers need to concentrate on other ways to prevent crimes in the city without giving teens a set time to be home every night. At any rate, parents want to keep their kids safe so their curfew should always be determined by them not by the law.

Economics Problems

Homework #3: Question 1. Problem and Application 4 on page 285. Please work on a, b, c, d, and e only. That is, ignore f. When you reconstruct the table in your work, please lower the space for Marginal Product and Marginal Cost by a half step. In other words, the first entries of Marginal Product and Marginal Cost should be aligned with the second entries of other columns. (50 points) Table of Costs: WorkerOutputMarginal Product Total CostAverage Total CostMarginal Cost 00–$200———– 12020 300$15. 00$5. 00 25030 400 8 3. 33 39040 500 5. 6 2. 50 412030 600 5 3. 33 514020 700 5 5 615010 800 5. 33 10 71555 900 5. 81 20 A. The table shows the marginal product; marginal product rises at first, but then starts to decline because of diminishing marginal product. B. The table shows the total costs for this scenario. C. Again, the table shows the average total cost. The average total cost will be shaped like a â€Å"U. † The average total cost declines as quantity rises when the quantity is low. When the quantity is high, the average total cost rises. D. The table shows the marginal cost. The marginal cost, like the average total cost, is also â€Å"U† shaped, but unlike the average total cost it rises steeply as the output increases. This is because of diminishing marginal product. E. When the marginal cost is falling, the marginal product is rising and vice versa. Question 2. (20 points) The licorice industry is competitive. Each firm produces 2 million strings of licorice per year. The strings have an average total cost of $0. 20 each, and they sell for $0. 30. a. What is the marginal cost of a string? Marginal cost = Change in total cost/change in quantity .30-. 20=. 0=Change in total cost .10/1=. 10 The marginal cost of one string is $0. 10. b. Is this industry in long-run equilibrium? Why or why not? No. In a long run quilibirum all firms are maximizing profits. No firms have incentive to enter or exit because all firms are earning zero economic profit. The firms in this competitive market are making a profit of $0. 10 on each string of licorice. At this rate there is no long-run equilibrium, but if more firms join this market to get in on some of the profit then there will be a long-run equilibrium; when too many firms join the market the demand goes down. This can cause firms to make zero profit. Question 3. (30 points) Consider the following table. The price of the product is $8. Quatitity Total cost 0. $8 1. 9 2. 10 3. 11 4. 13 5. 19 6. 27 7. 37 a. Calculate profit for each quantity. How much should the firm produce to maximize profit? b. Calculate marginal revenue and marginal cost for each quantity. Graph them. At what quantity do these curves cross? How does this relate to your answer to part (a)? c. Can you tell whether this firm is in a competitive industry? If so, can you tell whether the industry is in a long-run equilibrium?

How to Teach Values Education in a Corrupt Society? Essay

In our corrupt society, there is one line attached to all the corrupt officers of the government, the line goes like this, â€Å"It is all right to steal provided you do not get caught.† Despite the dysfunctional environment we find ourselves in today, teachers need to teach and reinforce essential values in everyday schooling. These begin with values we learn at home and end with societal norms we need to advocate to make this country of ours a functioning democracy. Honesty and integrity is the first should students understand and acquire. Tell the truth, demand the truth and stand by the truth. Second is Responsibility. Act truthfully and people will give you their trust and confidence. Account for your actions and people will follow you. Third is Courage. Take charge of your actions. Do what is right, even if difficult. Stay the course even when others criticize you. Be brave in whatever you do. Fourth is Respect to others. Look out for others, give them due respect and they will respect you in return. And the last one is Love of country. This country is our reflection. This will tell the world if we Filipinos can compete and gain their respect. Although the depressing failure of many of our national and local leaders to become role models, the media, our schools, the religious should take effort to inculcate among everyone, young and old. Considering the present situation in our country, every effort must be made to receive our old values. Difficult as it may seem – at least we could try and try again and to be every persistent to the very end.

Organisation culture

So often when we think of a company's strategy, organizational culture is the missing puzzle piece. Instead, attention is focused on customers, competitors, and financial resources. The neglect of organizational culture is unfortunate since leaders are responsible for so many other demands, but an understanding of the organization's culture and its potential for enabling a positive deviant strategy is important.Organizational culture is the shared beliefs, principles, values, and assumptions that hape behaviour by building commitment, providing direction, establishing a collective identity, and creating a community. It manifests as the organization's behaviour that has endured over time and allowed the organization to adapt to the environment. Therefore, culture is the glue that holds together an organization's strategy and becomes institutionalized as members repeat patterns of successful behavior. The effectiveness of culture depends on its alignment with the organization's environ ment, resources, values, and goals.Moreover, it requires lea ders to understand how the culture can be a vehicle for creating positive deviance. Steve Jobs excels at aligning Apple's culture with its strategy. Jobs has built a culture that is driven by a vision to make great products. Innovating is the dominant value of Apple's culture. Employees are rewarded for experimenting, risk taking, and creativity. As Jobs describes in an interview, the challenge to innovate is a norm of Apple's culture: It was a great challenge. Let's make a great phone that we fall in love with.And we've got the technology. We've got the miniaturization from the iPod. We've got the sophisticated operating system from Mac. Nobody had ever thought about putting operating systems as sophisticated as OS X inside a phone, so that was a real que stion. We had a big debate inside the company whether we could do that or not. And that was one where I had to adjudicate it and Just say, ‘We're going to do it. L et's try. ‘ The smartest software guys were saying they can do it, so let's give them a shot. And they did. Going beneath the surface of Apple's culture, Jobs has infused the quest for excellence as a mantra. Jobs has purposely created a culture where employees are encouraged to treat their work as a calling that is worthwhile and to pursue excell ence in their endeavors. Therefore, a large role for Jobs and his leadership teams is creating processes to recruit and socialize employees into Apple's culture. When recruiting for Apple senior positions, Jobs contended that intelligence organisation culture. Organisation culture So often when we think of a company's strategy, organizational culture is the missing puzzle piece. Instead, attention is focused on customers, competitors, and financial resources. The neglect of organizational culture is unfortunate since leaders are responsible for so many other demands, but an understanding of the organization's culture and its potential for enabling a positive deviant strategy is important.Organizational culture is the shared beliefs, principles, values, and assumptions that hape behaviour by building commitment, providing direction, establishing a collective identity, and creating a community. It manifests as the organization's behaviour that has endured over time and allowed the organization to adapt to the environment. Therefore, culture is the glue that holds together an organization's strategy and becomes institutionalized as members repeat patterns of successful behavior. The effectiveness of culture depends on its alignment with the organization's environ ment, resources, values, and goals.Moreover, it requires lea ders to understand how the culture can be a vehicle for creating positive deviance. Steve Jobs excels at aligning Apple's culture with its strategy. Jobs has built a culture that is driven by a vision to make great products. Innovating is the dominant value of Apple's culture. Employees are rewarded for experimenting, risk taking, and creativity. As Jobs describes in an interview, the challenge to innovate is a norm of Apple's culture: It was a great challenge. Let's make a great phone that we fall in love with.And we've got the technology. We've got the miniaturization from the iPod. We've got the sophisticated operating system from Mac. Nobody had ever thought about putting operating systems as sophisticated as OS X inside a phone, so that was a real que stion. We had a big debate inside the company whether we could do that or not. And that was one where I had to adjudicate it and Just say, ‘We're going to do it. L et's try. ‘ The smartest software guys were saying they can do it, so let's give them a shot. And they did. Going beneath the surface of Apple's culture, Jobs has infused the quest for excellence as a mantra. Jobs has purposely created a culture where employees are encouraged to treat their work as a calling that is worthwhile and to pursue excell ence in their endeavors. Therefore, a large role for Jobs and his leadership teams is creating processes to recruit and socialize employees into Apple's culture. When recruiting for Apple senior positions, Jobs contended that intelligence organisation culture.

Host resistance and immunity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Host resistance and immunity - Essay Example In case of any change in their genotypes, both bacteria are able seek food from other sources they have not been able to get their food. This allows these bacteria to keep away from the action of destructive chemicals for instance antibiotics. This can also allow them produce chemicals that shield them from attack by organisms that have the ability of destroying them (Schindler, 2006). Both M. tuberculosis and Escherichia -coli have the small second-messenger molecule called cAMP in them as well as in the macrophage. When cAMP levels are high, it interferes with host indication pathways. However, cAMP levels within Mycobacterium Tuberculosis are many at times higher as compared to Escherichia coli. The high levels of cAMP generate it’s own series of troubles, for instance, with the purpose of the key bacterial cAMP-responsive protein, the cAMP receptor protein (CRP). These proteins manage the expression of a big number of bacterial genes by attaching to cAMP. This, in so doing undergoes allosteric alterations that enable it to attach to a definite DNA motif and as a result, interact with and engage the RNA polymerase-sigma factor complex, hence activate transcription initiation. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, this has to happen against the conditions of extremely high cAMP levels (Qureshi, et.al, 1999). Escherichia coli play a handy role in suppressing the growth of destructive bacteria species by combining appreciable amounts of vitamins. On the other hand, Mycobacterium tuberculosis evades the human immune response by attacking host cells (New York Times, 2012). Mycobacterium tuberculosis does this by creating an intracellular environment when macrophage overwhelms a M. tuberculosis cell. It then prevents the macrophage from combining with a lysosome which contains enzymes, which then crashes foreign bodies and pathogens that attack. It does this by generating some protein which the macrophage produces and

Wage inequality report in the X city of China Coursework

Wage inequality report in the X city of China - Coursework Example We find evidence that level of education, age, experience and sector of employment poses the greatest variation in determining the wage limits in the city. The presence of trade liberization and international foreign investment policy imparts varying levels of exposure to some Chinese cities more than others. While the presence international firms operating in the X city do not have a direct effect on wage equality, a major difference is evident between the majority and minority foreign-owned firms. Majority foreign-owned firms exhibit skilled-biased changes that adversely increase wage inequality. INTRODUCTION. The unequal distribution of individual or household wage across various sectors in the economy is referred as wage inequality. It can be presented as a percentage of wages to percentage of population. China has witnessed rapid growth in national income, foreign investment and export volume in the last few decades. However these economic improvement has been accompanied by inc ome inequality. The wage inequality coefficient of China has steadily increased from 0.33 in the 80s to 0.46 in the year 2000 according to government statistics. These signify a 2-3% growth rate per year, alarmingly one of the fastest in ever recorded. (Yunbo Zhou, 2012) Investigated the causes of the disparities in the wage inequality in urban and rural areas and found that, in rural areas, it is explained by an increase in the wage earning jobs in poorer regions in the end of the 20th century and decrease in regressive taxes. There are allegations of wage inequality in the X state of China. Using the provided data we investigate it basing our research on three divisions we carry out data analysis and provide the results to the Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security; Gender Affiliation and membership in Communist party Local (Hukou) and non-local workers Given the data we determine the correlation coefficients between wage rates and the various variables. This will enable us to deduce whether to use the variables in our regression analysis. Table 1 summary statistics of wage rates by sector and by gender Manufacturing sector Construction sector Others All Male Female All Male Female All Male Female Mean 2.300194 2.389804 2.082571 2.091158 2.077667 2.334 2.24447 2.385095 2.071033 S.d. 0.106617 0.129925 0.180342 0.118321 0.124271 0 0.06246 0.084603 0.090478 No. obs 72 51 21 19 18 1 268 148 120 Table 2 t-Test results for male and female workers H0: ?1-?2=0 vs HA: ?1-?2?0 Manufacturing sector Construction sector Others Assuming ?1=?2 t statistic 1.316535 -0.47321 2.525396 t critical 1.994437 2.109816 1.968922 Assuming ?12 t statistic 1.382249 -1.75867 2.535402 t critical 2.018082 - 1.969201 The research conducted examines the phenomena of nature of two variables and their degree of relatedness. Altering the level of one variable will automatically affect the other. The concept behind the t - test is to determine the difference in the statistic means of two variables relative to the spread or variability of the wage. The purpose of statistical tests is fundamentally meant to test null hypothesis. The results in the Tables 1 and 2 can be used to draw the following conclusions; The wage earned by male workers in the manufacturing sector is significantly higher than what is earned by female workers. The same is also true in the other sectors. However female workers in the manufacturing sector earn more than their male counterparts. This deviation is attributed to the less number of female workers in the construction sector. Thus we can conclude that wage inequality is evident in the X town of China based on gender.

A Normal C Reactive Protein and Significant Bacterial Infection in Literature review

A Normal C Reactive Protein and Significant Bacterial Infection in Children with Fever - Literature review Example One of the most common reasons for Emergency Department (ED) visit is the fever. Fever accounts to approximately 10 – 35% of admissions in children younger than three years of age (Nuttall, 2003; Andreola et al., 2007; Behjati 2008; Liu et al, 2008). In this age group, severe bacterial infections or SBI represents to about 10 – 25%; however, Andreola et al (2007) noted that this diagnosis is frequently confusing especially with the absence of localising findings. Hence, a need for specific and sensitive laboratory markers for infection is required because of the presence of clinical findings such as body temperature. More than a decade ago, an algorithm which incorporates with laboratory findings, such as white blood cell count and absolute neutrophil count was published and was proven to be useful in the medical practice especially in the identification children who are at higher risk of severe bacterial illness. Additional markers such as C – reactive protein ( CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) are maybe useful (Nuttall, 2003; Andreola et al, 2007). In 1930, CRP is discovered by Tillett and Francis as C – Polysaccharide fraction called as fraction C from the sera of an acutely ill patient. In 1941, fraction C was found to be a peptide instead of a polysaccharide, thus renamed as C reactive peptide. In 1950, it was reported that CRP can be detected in more than 70 types of disorders. Carlan added that CRP can be normal in invasive bacterial disease, and produces the largest, the most rapid, and most quantifiable acute response to inflammation and infection.

Transmittal of an investigation of the rising cost of insurance Research Paper

Transmittal of an investigation of the rising cost of insurance premium of employees in sparkle industry - Research Paper Example Tobacco usage has adverse effects in the body such as lung cancer which causes sudden death when no treatment is carried out. It is in this regard that Health Insurance Company charges higher cost since treating such kind of diseases is expensive. Alcohol drinking and unhealthy lifestyles also contributed to the increase of the cost of health insurance even though it was minimal compared to tobacco usage. My sincere gratitude goes to employees of sparkle industry who were very obedient in responding to my survey questions. I am also thankful to your company for having trust in the responsibility assigned. For any help concerning the report, you can give me a call. Enc. Report EFFECT OF CIGARETTE SMOKING AND UNHEALTHY LIFESTYLE ON THE COST OF HEALTH INSURANCE PREMIUM PAYABLE TO THE INSURER ON BEHALF OF EMPLOYEES IN SPARKLE INDUSTRY AS A BENEFIT PACKAGE. A RESEARCH REPORT PRESENTED FOR EVALUATION IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATI ON. TABLE OF CONTENT Transmittal letter†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.1 Title page†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 Table of Contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Executive summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 1.1. INTRODUCTION 1.2. Background of the Studyâ₠¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 1.3. Statement of the Problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....6 1.4. Research Questions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 1.5. Objectives of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 1.6. Justification of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.7 1.7. Scope and Limitations of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 1.8. Conceptual Framework†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 2.0. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 2.2. Theoretical †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...................9 2.3 Empirical reviews†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.10 3.0. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1. Research Design†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 3.2. Study Area†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 3.3. Study population and Sampling†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 3.4. Data Collection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 4.0 DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTA TION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 5.0. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 5.1. Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

How radio has influenced our lives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

How radio has influenced our lives - Essay Example This information plays an important role in the decisions that people make regarding different aspects of their lives. Such decisions include decisions on travel plans through the traffic updates that the radio is able to give, decisions on entertainment choices through the various options that can be given on radio and other important aspects such as healthcare and education. The public depends on the information on the radio to know the choices that they have in regards to important decisions such as healthcare plans and the best available education (Biagi 113). The radio is also an important source of information on controversial subjects. Through the educational programs that are aired on radio, the mass can get more information on the controversial subjects. The radio also has an important role to play on the buying decisions that are made by the different listeners. By giving the listeners information on different products available, the listener is able to make an informed choice or decision regarding the product that is most suitable for them. The radio has therefore has a positive impact on the lives of the public because of the ability that it has to pass across information for public

Recorded Music Industry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Recorded Music Industry - Assignment Example In so doing, it will make use of two strategic widely accepted strategic management techniques, namely PESTLE analyses and Porter's Five Forces Model. This report will end with the presentation of the identified industry's identified opportunities and threats. PESTLE Analysis stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental which represents the important aspects affecting the operation and strategic direction of a business organisation and the whole industry. This strategic management tool gains wide acceptance among managers and industry analyst because it offers an extensive identification of the environmental factors that affects an industry. The past years have witnessed the rapid integration of economies into a global village due to the various political agreements. It should be noted that both geographical and political boundaries are disappearing with the creation of trade agreements, free trade zones, regional blocs, and economic zones. This rapid globalisation facilitates the influx of goods and services within geographic borders at lower tariffs, duties, and other trade boundaries. This is coupled with the free flow of capital especially in developing countries where foreign direct investments are warmly welcomed with financial and non-financial incentives. These policies which are instituted to promote globalisation have crucial implications for the global music industry. These enabled large music labels to penetrate profitable markets in other countries and allow the free flow of music formats such as CDs and MP3s from one location to another (Dolfsman 2000). 2.2. Economic One of the most significant developments in the global music industry is the rise of the former developing economies like China, India, and other Latin American countries. It should be noted that the rapid growth in these nations are strongly indicated by the rise in gross domestic product and per capita income. Currently, China is the fastest growing economy in the world, posting a GDP growth rate of 10.7% during 2006 (GDP Growth 2007). With this rapid growth, the Chinese economy is eyed by various business organisations as a profitable business venue. Economic growth also signals higher disposable income for customers which can further trigger and enhance spending in the consumer sector. 2.3. Social The internet technology has been warmly embraced by customers around the world. According to the latest data from InternetWorldStats.com, worldwide internet penetration is at 16% as of January 11, 2007. Asia accounts for the largest portion of this population with the large share increase from China. Usage growth has been escalating, posting a growth rate of 202.9% during the eight year period 2000-2007 (Internet Usage Statistics 2007). Similarly, the number of global mobile phone users is also in an uptrend. It is reported that the number of mobile phone subscribers have increased by 25% during 2004, 2005, and 2005. However, experts forecast that this trend in increments will slowly decelerate in 2007. According to iSuppli, mobile phone users will be growing at slower rates of 12.8% and 9.6% in 2007 and 2008,

In Vivo And In Vitro Experimental Research Essay

In Vivo And In Vitro Experimental Research - Essay Example Despite this, in vitro studies can be very difficult to extrapolate from the results to the intact organism. Caution must be exercised not to over-interpret the results in the case of in vitro experiments. For example, an investigation of a bacterial can be positive in a controlled environment but be ineffective in a natural environment.  Despite this, in vitro studies can be very difficult to extrapolate from the results to the intact organism. Caution must be exercised not to over-interpret the results in the case of in vitro experiments. For example, an investigation of a bacterial can be positive in a controlled environment but be ineffective in a natural environment.  Ã‚  On the other hand, in vivo experiments gives a better picture of what is going on inside the organism cell.    All cells contain some machinery can be important in the experiments.   It also can be a disadvantage side since it becomes practically hard to control all the parameters of a cell. Additionall y, living things tend to show variability, even with time, which is somehow hard to fully control. On the aspect of control, in vitro experiments is better as compared to in vivo especially when studying soluble molecules. It can be possible to add small amounts of molecules and maybe assess their binding knowing that no other molecules are interfering. However, this can be disadvantageous since some enzymes may require special conditions to work better which might be a bit hard to create in a test-tube.

Morgan Motor Company Essay Example for Free

Morgan Motor Company Essay Morgan Motor Company (MMC) began as a family company and has remained that way over the years. Decisions were largely driven by steady demand for their luxury product. Traditionally, decision-making was premised on production quotas that kept supply slightly behind demand. While the company made a profit, it was not enough to sustain the company in the long term due increasing costs caused by inefficient methods of production. The key area for improvement was strategic planning based on detailed and accurate information. The implementation of the strategic plan would require a review of human resource management practices in order for MMC to develop into an organisation that valued continuous innovation. MMC could gain valuable information about its environment through SWOT analysis, which could be used to inform strategic planning decisions. The company survived difficult circumstances (e. g. World War II) and demonstrated its ability to diversify through the manufacture of munitions. Another key strength is the global demand for their differentiated product. Its domestic and international appeal creates an important opportunity to further expand its global customer base. However, the potential threat associated with this opportunity is uncertainty in a number of dimensions in MMC’s â€Å"general environment† (Samson Daft, 2009). Economic and political and legal factors in other countries could potentially impact on MMC’s sales, as was the case in the late 1960s where strict emission control regulations caused their US market to collapse. In this instance, domestic demand absorbed its impact and highlighted the importance of maintaining a diverse client base that could absorb the impact of any environmental changes. A sales and marketing department that is production led is ineffective in improving revenue and achieving the aim of increased profits. Additionally, this production led sales creates an artificial view of demand for its product. Thorough research of its client attributes coupled with careful planning and stronger collaboration between the sales and marketing and production departments enables the formulation of agreed sales targets. The key benefits of setting targets are: 1. integration with production planning, which reduces the likelihood of over-investment in inventory; 2. a proactive sales and marketing department that devises strategies to improve sales; and 3. measureable targets that can be used to evaluate efficiency and effectiveness. Despite having a keen and loyal workforce, the presence of change aversion confirmed that incremental change was initially more effective than radical change which may have created an unproductive atmosphere of dissent amongst its workforce. Moreover, steady demand for their product led to complacency, which justified Peter Morgan’s caution about change. This could be interpreted as lack of vision and is reflected in the lack of innovation and under-capitalisation of MMC’s machine shop. In a study done on Toyota (UK) Ltd. , it was noted that the traditional car manufacturing base in the UK was located in the West Midlands and these were â€Å"rich in precision engineering skills† (Winfield Kerrin, 1996, p. 50). MMC’s proximity to this manufacturing hub created opportunities for research and development by inspecting some of these manufacturers in an effort to improve their production practices and processes, specifically focussing on how technology could be used to improve efficiency. This acknowledgement of the power of technology finally came in the form of Charles’ introduction of a manufacturing resource planning computer system and use of CAD/CAM. Perhaps differences in generational attributes enabled Charles Morgan to more easily embrace technology. However, the positive outcome was product innovation such as design features to improve aerodynamics. Examination of how human resource management practices could transform MMC from an organisation where everyone defends their own corner into a team-based learning organisation was a natural progression once management accepted the need for change. In the first instance, focus should be on developing managers to help facilitate organisational change (Waldersee, 1997) and enable them to be effective role models within the company. Training solutions and interventions should target general areas such as effective teamwork and communication, motivating workers and encouraging innovation. Additionally, where there are identified skills gaps, it should also target content-specific areas e. g. contemporary sales and marketing practices would make up for the sales director’s lack of recent sales experience. Once again, Charles was led by example by enrolling in an MBA, thus demonstrating his commitment to ongoing education and development. Although collectivism has traditionally been associated with eastern cultures (Hartel, Fujimoto, Straybosch, Fitzpatrick, 2007), motor companies like Ford and Toyota moved away from Taylorism and demonstrated the value of teamwork in vehicle manufacturing (Winfield Kerrin, 1996). However, MMC’s reward system of individual production bonuses did not acknowledge the value of teamwork. Moreover, an unspecified dollar amount that was eroded by inefficiencies in the production process did not provide an incentive to improve production. Not only should these individual production bonuses be quantified, the company should also consider a reward system for foremen to acknowledge their efforts in encouraging individuals and teams to achieve higher production. The present day success of MMC is testament to management’s vision and commitment to continuous product and process innovation. Examination of their website confirms their ability to stay current through value adding which resulted in features in their cars such as lightness and environmental friendliness. This has enabled them to cater both for the on-road user and the racing arena, as is evident in the videos available on their website. Furthermore, offering factory tours not only gives potential customers insight into the manufacturing process, it also provides the company with the opportunity to share some of its knowledge with others. The insight gained by watching the video on MMC’s factory processes makes it evident that the MMC today is collaborative both internally and with its external stakeholders.

Impact of teenage pregnancy on children

Impact of teenage pregnancy on children Many children become pregnant while attending school and this has significantly caused them to stop attending school until the child is born and in many instances they forfeit the opportunity in completing their secondary education. The researcher sought to clarify the impact of teenage pregnancy on children between the ages of 13 17 years old by doing an in depth thesis on the statement. This was to check if children are being sensitized at school on sex education and if the parents are helping them to gain better understanding of what will happen to them when they start having sexual intercourse. This study will be carried out on twenty teens at two prominent institutions that host teenage mothers in Kingston and St. Andrew The researcher will seek to gather this information by using instruments such as questionnaires and interview. The data that will be collected will be presented on tables and graphs along with detailed explanation. The researcher will test to see if the impact of teenage pregnancy on children between the ages of 13 17 years old is a factor of low self-esteem for teens and if it limits them from being an important factor in society. Based on the findings, recommendations will be made. Chapter 1 Introduction Pregnancy for a teenager can be a philosophical event with long term implications for the young mother, father, family, and friends.   Pregnancy is the state of being pregnant; the period from conception to birth when a woman carries a developing fetus in her uterus. http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=pregnancy. Thus, teenage pregnancy is the period between ages 13 to 19 when a teenager gets pregnant. For this research, the researcher will look at children between the ages of 13 to 17 years old, in an effort of heightening awareness on pregnancy. Jamaica, like many other countries has an overwhelming amount of teenage pregnancy. This has caused children to stop attending school until the child is born, and in many instances, they forfeit the opportunity in completing their secondary education. They are more likely to obtain inadequate prenatal care, have inadequate nutrition, increased pregnancy complications, sexually transmitted diseases and higher risk of low birth weight. Santrock (2008) states that teenage pregnancy creates health risks for both the baby and the mother. He went on to say that infants born to teen mothers are more likely to have low birth weights, a prominent factor in infant mortality, as well as neurological problems and childhood illness. They often drop out of school, some of them will resume their education, however, they do not generally catch up economically with women who postpone childbearing until their twenties. The consequences of an early, unplanned pregnancy place the teenage mother at a distinct disadvantage in her attempts to achieve economic security. Based on the Child Care and Protection Act of 2004, a child must attend school and be given an education whether she become pregnant or not. However, social and cultural taboos make it very difficult for a girl to remain in school during her pregnancy. Teens do not always have good support systems, parenting knowledge and skills and coping mechanisms to deal with stress. Teen mothers are less likely to finish high school leading to lower paying jobs and limited job skills; they are more likely to be financially dependent upon family and eventually on assistance programmes that are provided by the government such as the Programme of Advancement Through Health and Education (PATH). Teenage mothers face rejection by family and friends. They face parental anger, ridicule from community members, and abandonment by their childrens fathers. At times, teenage mothers who leave school are not prepared for parenting and as such, poverty often pushes mothers into transactional sexual relationships. Oftentimes, this is carried out with multiple partners to obtain resources necessary to support their children and themselves. This further increases the mothers vulnerability to exploitation and domestic violence as well as child abuse. Statement of the problem Over the years, it has been noted that a lot of children have gotten pregnant during high school education. This has caused them to be out of school for a period of time. From fear of being caught some children tried to hide this from their parents by banning the belly and this has a negative impact on the fetus will affect the child. The teenager is no longer concerned with issues of being a teenager only and there are missed opportunities for self-development and advancement. The potential societal impact of teenage pregnancy is an increase in financial burden on families and the country. It also lends itself to high crime rates, uneducated and unproductive citizens, underdeveloped and unskilled workforce, infant and maternal mortality rates. Teenage pregnancy has negative effects on the victims and their families. They are at times looked down on and depending on their socio-economical background. They may also never regain the opportunity to continue their education, which will impact on their lives and the life of the new born. Not being able to resume their education will also plummet them in taking minimal jobs and at the same time, they might have more children as a result of low self-esteem. Sub-problems The researcher strongly believes that if children are more educated about pregnancy, they are less likely to become parents at an early age. They will be aware that it is best to abstain from sexual activities until they are capable of being responsible parents. Children would know that there are contraceptives that they can obtain to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Children are affected, physically, socially, economically, sexually and psychologically. Purpose of the study The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of teenage pregnancy on children between the ages of 13 18 years old. The researcher is aware that because of socio-economic factors such as single parenting, divorce and unemployment, parents might be frustrated and do not talk with their children about sex, as a result children will be informed from their peers and may want to experiment. The children, some of whom are naÃÆ' ¯ve, and lack basic knowledge and who do not understand may succumb to peer pressure which may result in unwanted pregnancies. The researcher hopes that this research will widen the factual knowledge that is available and that practical steps will not only be recommended but also instigated to address and even eradicate the problem. The present study will seek to explore and identify how the factor relative to the impact of teenage pregnancy can be corrected by having more talks in schools and educational forum so that other children do not get caught in the web of teenage pregnancy. The researcher also hopes that the relevant authorities will review and implement programmes within these schools to assist parents and students who might have gotten pregnant and to help the others from becoming pregnant. Hypothesis The researcher hypothesizes that teenage pregnancy impacts children between the ages of 13 17 years old as this slows down their educational process as they are no longer thinking about themselves but about their child. Basic Research Questions Do you feel that the sex education you received at school was sufficient? At what age did you become sexually active? Definition of Terms The Oxford Concise Dictionary (1999) defines the following key words except number 5. Pregnancy the condition or period of being pregnant Teenager a person aged between 13 19 Teen of or relating to a teenager Sexual Intercourse sexual contact between individuals involving penetration, especially the insertion of a mans erect penis into a womans vagina culminating in orgasm and the ejaculation of semen. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Infections that are transmitted through sexual contact. Patterson (2008) Impact a marked effect or influence Parenting be or act as a parent toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Chapter 2 Literature review Parents have a lot to do with whether their child becomes teenage parents. It is important for them to talk to their children about sex and the implications that it will have on them. Apart from getting pregnant, having unprotected sex can let one catch a sexually transmitted disease. Parents should have a close relationship with their child, which will allow the child to talk to them about anything. They should talk to their children about sex as the child will hear it from school and may want to try it out. Parenting styles have an effect on children cognitive development. Cognitive is the thought process, thus it reflects the way we acquire and manipulate knowledge. According to Baumrind (1971), there are four types of parenting styles. These are authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful and indulgent. The authoritarian parent places firm limits and control on the child and allows little verbal exchange. This type of parent may say, you do it my way or else (Santrock, 2006). The authoritarian parent may physically abuse the child frequently, enforce rules without explaining them and show range towards the child. These children are unhappy, fearful, and anxious. They often fail to initiate activity and have poor communication skills Santrock (2006). If you are an authoritarian parent, children will not want to come to you and discuss matters about sex with you as they may fear you will want to bully them. The authoritative parent on the other hand provides children with warmth, attention and autonomy, although they set limits and are demanding. They encourage their child to be independent and individualistic. They also engage them in discussions and explanations over matters of discipline and family decision making. Parents listen patiently to their children point of view as well as provide guidance. According to Santrock (200), authoritative parent will say let us talk about how you can handle the situation better next time. Authoritative parents are effective in shaping how a child thinks and will help guide them in decisions making, this will allow the child to have confidence in their parents and will feel free to talk to them about anything. Santrock, 2001 states that approximately one of every five births is to a teenager; in some urban areas, the figure researchers as high as one in every two births. He further went on to say that infants born to teenagers are often premature. Patterson, 2008 reported that a majority of children in the United States who are sexually active report that they do not use contraception when they are having sexual intercourse. The reason they do not use contraceptive is because it is not readily available to many teenagers. They also state that embarrassment caused them not to use contraceptives. As children are not using contraceptives, there are a high percentage of children getting pregnant and also contracting sexually transmitted diseases. Snowman and Biehler (2003) said that one contributing factors to teenage pregnancies and births is the relatively low frequency of contraceptive. They further went on to say that the relatively high levels of sexual activity and low levels of regular contraception among teens are particularly worrisome because they put teens at risk for contracting sexually transmitted diseases. Gary Collins author of Christian Counselling, states in his book that sexual experimentation, including intercourse, sometimes becomes a way for teens to act like adults and gain peer acceptance. He went on to say that teenagers often feel intense social pressure to experiment sexually. Sometimes sexual behaviour is not an acting out; instead, it becomes an attempt to overcome inhibitions, find meaningful relationships, prove ones virility, bolster self-esteem or escape loneliness, Collins (1988). The increase in teenage pregnancies has become a serious national problem. Not only is their concern for the care and welfare of the babies, but there is clear evidence that, compared to their classmates, teenage parents get less education, earn less money in life, hold lower-prestige jobs, experience less vocational satisfaction and have a higher than average rate of divorce and remarriage, Collins (1988). Chapter 3 Methodological Design This will be both a qualitative and quantitative study. A qualitative study of research focuses on words, observation, stories, visual portrayals, meaningful characterization, and other expressive descriptions. A quantitative study of research is based on collection and analyzing of numeric data. This data will be obtained from questionnaires, and interview questions. The study will be conducted at two prominent institution that host teenage girls in Kingston and St. Andrew between the ages of 13 17 years old. It will seek to gain an awareness of teens that are pregnant and try to get an understanding of how they feel. Suggestions will also be made to assist them in making something of their lives after the baby is born and also to direct them to agencies that will assist them.